Referrers Page
This dedicated section is designed to provide healthcare professionals with a streamlined pathway for referring patients to Dr. Makalanda. Here, you will find clinical guidelines, our referral process, and direct contact details to ensure prompt and coordinated neurovascular care.
Areas of expertise
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Services
It is a relatively new but rapidly expanding field using image guidance to access and treat brain and spine conditions with needles through the blood vessels or skin.
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Cranial dural fistula
Sealing abnormal artery-to-vein connections in the lining around the brain to restore normal blood flow and prevent bleeding.
Pulsatile tinnitus
Diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of rhythmic, heartbeat-like ear noise caused by abnormal blood flow around the brain.
Stroke
Emergency clot retrieval (mechanical thrombectomy) to reopen blocked brain arteries quickly and limit long-term disability.
Carotid stent
Opening narrowed neck arteries with a small mesh tube to restore healthy blood flow to the brain and reduce stroke risk.
Cerebral venous disorders
Minimally invasive treatment of narrowed or blocked brain veins to improve the brain's natural blood drainage.
Spinal dural fistula
Mapping and sealing abnormal spinal blood vessel connections to protect the spinal cord from progressive damage.
Brain AVM
Treatment of abnormal tangles of brain blood vessels using embolisation, sometimes combined with surgery or radiosurgery.
Spinal AVM
Careful embolisation of abnormal spinal blood vessels to protect the spinal cord from bleeding and loss of function.
Embolisation for subdural haematoma
A minimally invasive procedure (middle meningeal artery embolisation) to treat chronic blood collections on the brain's surface and reduce the chance of recurrence.
Gamma Knife for AVM
Precisely targeted radiation used to gradually close off deep or complex brain AVMs without open surgery.
Intracranial stent
Placing a fine mesh tube inside a narrowed brain artery to improve blood supply and help prevent stroke.
CSF disorders
Pinpointing and sealing spinal fluid leaks to resolve severe, position-related headaches.
Myelogram
Detailed contrast imaging of the spinal canal to identify nerve compression, fluid leaks, or other structural problems.
Spine injection
Targeted, image-guided injections to relieve pain from nerve irritation or inflammation in the back and neck.
Lumbar puncture
A precise, image-guided sampling of spinal fluid for diagnosis or to relieve raised pressure.